Which of the following is an effective long-term strategy for controlling rat populations?

Exclusion and rat proofing are pivotal strategies when it comes to long-term management of rat populations. This approach involves sealing entry points, blocking holes, and making structural modifications to buildings to prevent rodents from accessing indoor spaces. By effectively denying rats access to food, shelter, and nesting sites, this method reduces the likelihood of infestations.

While setting traps can help reduce existing rat populations temporarily, it does not address the root cause of the problem and may require ongoing effort to maintain control as new rats can continue to enter the premises. Similarly, using poisons can pose risks to non-target wildlife and pets, along with creating potential health hazards if animals die in inaccessible areas. Monitoring activity might provide insight into population dynamics but does not actively contribute to reducing numbers or preventing future infestations.

Thus, implementing exclusion and rat proofing measures stands out as a sustainable and effective strategy to maintain low rat populations over the long term.